MoBa measures 62,276 children beside a recalled sample of 599,924

Two arms, one 624

The measured arm covers 62,276 children and the recalled arm covers an effective sample of 599,924. MoBa carries that measurement across 11 time points from 6 weeks to 8 years. The listed 624 is the join of these two arms.^[1]

Of 152 signals across the 11 time points, 106 pass the stricter threshold set for 11 ages. Those 152 join 526 signals from the childhood common factor and become 624. Measured signals that miss the stricter threshold do not stay on the list.^[1]

What the adult comparison drops

Of the 624 signals, 194 have no association or a directionally opposite association with adult body mass index. A childhood-specific label here means the signal failed the adult test in this design.^[1]

Age-specific biology is one account of that drop. Another account is that noise in recalled adult index and measured childhood adiposity drops shared signals.^[1]

Rare variants are a third denominator

Rare-variant burden tests use 479,615 people and a Bonferroni threshold of 2.9 × 10 to the -6 across 17,265 tests. ADCY3, CALCR, MC4R, MRAP2, POMC and MYH13 show stronger associations in childhood than in adults.^[1]

This screen does not use the 62,276 measured children as its denominator. Reading 624 as one sample folds three counts together.^[1]